五大主要工程学科及其发展 毕业论文外文翻译.docVIP

Unit 3 Academic Disciplines of Industrial Engineering Five Big Major Engineering Disciplines and their Development In United States, there are five big major engineering disciplines(civil ,chemical, electrical, industrial, and mechanical) that were the branches of engineering that emerged prior to the time of World war I . These developments were part of the industrial revolution that was occurring worldwide, and the beginning of the technological revolution is still occurring. Development following World War II led to other engineering disciplines, such as nuclear engineering,electronic engineering ,aeronautical engineering ,and even computer engineering ,The Space Age Led to astronautical engineering .Recent concerns with the environment have led to environmental engineering and bioengineering. These newer engineering disciplines are often considered specialties within one or more of the “big five”disciplines of civil, chemical, industrial, electrical ,and mechanical engineering . It is different with the situations of United States that industrial engineering belongs to the secondary level of subjects under the first disciplines of management science and engineering in China. The Beginning of IE Subjects Topics that later evolved into industrial engineering subjects were initially taught as special courses in mechanical engineering departments .The first separate departments of industrial engineering were established at Pennsylvania State University and at Syracuse University in 1908.(The program at Syracuse was short-lived ,but it was reestablished in 1925.) An IE option in mechanical engineering was established at Purdue University in 1911.A rather complete history of industrial engineering academic programs may be found in the reference. The practice of having an IE option within mechanical engineering departments was the predominant pattern until the end of World WarⅡ,and separate IE departments were established in colleges and universities throughout t