铜胁迫下植物响应机制与内稳态调节.pdfVIP

铜胁迫下植物响应机制与内稳态调节 平帆 3120100152 摘要 铜是植物体必需的微量元素之一，在细胞呼吸、光合作用、抗氧化保护与辅酶催化反应中起到重要作 用。由于人类活动与农业生产中含铜抗菌剂的过量施用，导致环境中铜含量上升，对人类和植物造成潜在威胁。 其中，铜胁迫 （亦称铜毒害）下的植物会产生叶绿体变形、叶绿素含量降低，光合膜系统损伤、抗氧化功能失调 等一系列响应机制，而植物自身拥有一套复杂的铜内稳态调节机制来应对铜毒害，包括降低铜吸收、铜的区隔化、 加速铜外泵等。而该过程涉及的某些蛋白(如金属硫蛋白) 的功能有待进一步研究。本文综述了在铜胁迫下植物的 各种响应机制，重点介绍植物如何通过内稳态调节来缓解铜中毒症状。 关键词 铜胁迫；响应机制；内稳态；植物避免；金属硫蛋白 Responses to copper toxicity and homeostasis regulation in plants Chris Rye 3120100152 Abstract: Copper is an essential metal for plants. It plays key roles in photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chans, oxidative stress protection and as cofactor in enzymatic reaction. However, copper has traditionally been used in agriculture as antifungal agent, and it is also extensively released into the environment by human activities that often cause environmental pollution. Accordingly, excess copper causes phytotoxicity by alternation of chloroplast structure and thylakoid membrane composition, a lower content of chlorophyll and leading to oxidative stress. Plants have a complex network of metal trafficking pathways in order to appropriately regulate copper homeostasis in response to excess copper including reducding copper uptake, compartmentation of copper and stimulation of copper efflux pump . This review gives an overview of the current understanding of copper regulatory response under excess copper, especially focuses on how the tolerant plants show enhanced avoidance and homeostatic mechanisms. Keywords: copper toxicity, response, homeostasis, plant avoidance, metallothioneins (MTs) 植物正常生长需要全面而均衡的矿质元素，而所需的矿质元素主要来源于土壤、肥料施用等。铜是一种 过渡金属元素，它对于植物的生长发育与新陈代谢起到重要的作用。由于能在还原态与氧化态之间转换，铜 2+ + 2+ 经常在许多重要的生理反应中充当传递电子的媒介。在植物机体内，铜主要以Cu 与Cu 存在