solgel溶胶凝胶英文版.pptVIP

Reference:  C. J. Brinker and G. W. Scherer, Sol-Gel Science - The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing, New York, Academic Press, 1990. Sol-gel chemistry /mauritz/solgel.html The Sol-gel gateway The Sol-Gel process allows to synthesize ceramic materials of high purity and homogeneity by a process occurs in liquid solution of organometallic precursors (TMOS, TEOS, Zr(IV)-Propoxide, Ti(IV)-Butoxide, etc. ), which, by means of hydrolysis and condensation reactions, lead to the formation of a new phase (SOL). M-O-R + H2O ?M-OH + R-OH?(hydrolysis) M-OH + HO-M?M-O-M + H2O (water condensation) M-O-R + HO-M ? M-O-M + R-OH (alcohol condensation) (M = Si, Zr, Ti) The SOL is made of solid particles of a diameter of few hundred of nm suspended in a liquid phase. Then the particles condense in a new phase (GEL) in which a solid macromolecule is immersed in a liquid phase (solvent). Drying the GEL by means of low temperature treatments (25-100 C), it is possible to obtain porous solid matrices (XEROGELs). The fundamental property of the solgel process is that it is possible to generate ceramic material at a temperature close to room temperature. Therefore such a procedure opened the possibility of incorporating in these glasses soft dopants, such as fluorescent dye molecules and organic chromophores. Precusor= Oligomer= Polymer= Colloids= Sol = gel Xerogel, Aerogel Organic/Inorganic Traditional Sol-Gel Methodology Random Network of SiO2 Hydrolysis (8) Olation and (9) Oxolation Factors affecting Reactivity pH,? Water content,? Concentration,? Temperature, Drying conditions? Condensation rate of silica How to control hydrolysis rates? By contrast to silicon alkoxides whose hydrolysis requires catalysts for efficient gelation rates, hydrolysis of most metal alkoxides is rapid and can lead to uncontrolled precipitation. The electronegative alkoxide groups make the metal highly prone to nucleophilic attac