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Table 1. Effects of ranolazine (5 μM), dronedarone (10 μM), and their combination on atrial excitability and induction of ACh-mediated persistent AF in the isolated canine coronary-perfused right atria. Action potential duration measured at 90% repolarization (APD90) and effective refractory period (ERP) data presented were obtained from the pectinate muscle region of coronary-perfused atria at a cycle length (CL) of 500 ms (n=5-15). * 0.05 vs. control; ? P 0.05 vs. acetylcholine alone (ACh, 1.0 μM). ? - P 0.05 vs. Ranolazine+ACh and Dronedarone+ACh. Shortest S1-S1 = the shortest CL permit