神经解剖学研究方法医与神经系统的发生.ppt

NEUROANATOMY 神经解剖学;一、神经解剖学的研究方法;1. 神经结构的经典研究方法;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;8 Cervical;Anterior commissure;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Medullary substance;Cortex;Protections of CNS ;脑和脊髓的常用切面;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Brain stem;;大白鼠实验头位;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Caudate nucleus;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;组织学的研究方法;Nissl stain(1892): 1 Nucleus and Nissl body：RNA (核仁和尼氏体) and DNA 2 Neurons and glia （核质深染但胞浆内无尼氏体） ;;Golgi银浸染法(Golgi stain) ;十九、二十世纪神经系构造的网状学说:;Cajal stain;神经元学说;组织学的研究方法;Weigert (1884)染髓鞘，而不能用于研究薄髓和无髓纤维Luxol坚牢蓝属于铜-酞菁染料，在酒精溶液内具有与髓鞘磷脂结合的染色特性。;;Meylin sheath and nerve fibers; 少突胶质细胞与中枢神经髓鞘; Schwann细胞与周围神经髓鞘; Schwann细胞与周围神经髓鞘;年龄及病理变化;显微镜;;Electron microscope (1950s)：TEM，SEM;证实神经元学说的证据; 神经组织的特点;Nucleus;Rough endoplasmic reticulum, RER;Nissl body;SER, 调节神经元内钙信号;线粒体 Mitochondria;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;细胞骨架 cytoskeleton;微管 microtubule;神经丝 neurofilament;微丝 microfilament;树突 dendrites的特点;dendrites;树突棘(dendritic spine) 结构：突触后致密体，微丝，棘器(SER)，多聚核糖体,不含线粒体 功能：代表突触的强度 调节局部钙信号 突触活性依赖的结构可塑性;轴突axon的特点;分部：轴丘、起始段、固有轴索和轴突终末四部分 轴丘: 无尼氏体，微管和神经丝丰富，微管集合成束 起始段：最细，微管和神经丝丰富、微管集合成束，轴-轴突触 固有轴索：髓鞘包绕，线粒体、微管、神经丝、SER和多泡小体。 终末：多级分支、串珠样膨大，称终扣(terminal bouton)为突触前成分，含有线粒体和突触小泡;神经元的胞浆转运 axonal transplant; 神经胶质 (Neuroglia)的特点; 星形胶质细胞 astrocyte; 星形胶质细胞分三型; 少突胶质细胞 oligodendrocyte;施万细胞（雪旺细胞）;小胶质细胞;神经通路追踪法NEURAL TRACT;Evalu