第五章 热力学基础(国外英文资料).docVIP

第五章 热力学基础(国外英文资料) Chapter 5 the thermodynamic basis § 5-1 the first law of thermodynamics and its application A single, Internal energy: all molecules in an object have no regular kinetic kinetic energy plus potential energy (molecular vibrational potential energy, mutual acting potential energy). Internal energy Real gas: (two of them are independent) Ideal gas: Note: (1) is the single value function of state, is decided by (a) (only 2 in the independent variable), as the state function, the beginning and end of the increment with only two states, and has nothing to do with the process. The ideal gas is a single value added function of temperature. The equivalence of work and heat Joule used experiments show: such as way to make the system work and heat transfer temperature phase at the same time, the transfer of heat and the work done there is always a certain proportion relations, namely 1 calorie = 4.18 joules of work So, work is equivalent to heat. You know by mechanics. The work done to the system is to transfer energy to the system, and since the work is equivalent to heat transfer, the heat transfer to the system also means the transmission of energy to the system. Conclusion: two ways of transferring energy are done Heat transfer Note: although there is an equivalent aspect of work and heat transfer, there is a difference. The difference is done: the macroscopic displacement is achieved through the object. The effect is the transition between mechanical motion and the non-regular motion of the molecules in the system. That changes the internal energy. Heat transfer: through molecular interaction. The function is the transition between the non-regular thermal motion of the external molecules and the non-regular thermal motion of the system. That changes the internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics In general, when the state of the system changes, the work and heat transfer is often at the same time. Theres a system thats going to heat the system to m