天然药化课件英文.pptVIP

麻黄 (Ephedra spp.) Developments in foreign countries ● In 1769, tartar (potassium hydrogen tartrate) was transferred to calcium salt and decomposed in sulphuric acid to produce tartaric acid. (K. W. Schelle, Swedish) ● In 1804, morphine was isolated from opium (Dorosine, French) ● In 1806, morphine was isolated from opium (Serturner, German) ● In 1810-1860, the period of alkaloid development Results of biosynthesis ● Any kind of plant will produce some specific constituents to express their physiological and biochemical characteristics. ● The constituents of some same family plants were different with the long history development, but the skeleton of which are consistent, only the side chain was isomerized. ● The constituents indicated the developing direction of some family plants in the biosynthetic recycle system. ● Similar relative plants possess similar constituents. ●The similar structure components maybe originate from the same precursor in biosynthesis, which provide a direction to study plant chemical category and find new natural medicinal plant resource. ● For example: C5 is the basic skeleton in terpenoids, which exhibit the same biosynthetic route in terpenoids------isoprene rule. Basic structure unit ● C2 unit (acetic acid): fatty acid, phenol, benzoquinone. ● C5 unit (isoprene): terpenoids and steroids. ● C6-C3 unit: coumarin and lignan, which belong to phenylpropanoids. ● Amino acid unit: Alkaloids. ● Composite unit: Constructed by the above units. Biosynthetic pathways ● In natural products chemistry field, many researchers noticed the relationship between the structures of natural compounds. Accordingly, they hand in the hypothesis of biosynthesis, some of which were certified by isotopic label experiments. We called these as biosynthetic pathways: ● Acetate-malonate pathway (AA-MA, 醋酸-丙二酸途径) ● Mevalonic acid pathway (MVA, 甲戊二羟酸途径) ● Cinnamic acid and shikimic acid pathways (桂皮酸及莽草酸途径) ● Amino acid