英译汉translation2.pptVIP

翻译概论 第二讲 1.What is translation?2.The criteria of translation General Definition Translation can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language. Linguistic Views on Translation Cultural Views on Translation Literary Views on Translation Semantic Views on Translation Functional Views on Translation Communicative Views on Translation Linguistic Views on Translation Translation may be defined as the replacement of textual material in one language (the source language) by equivalent textual material in another language ( the target language) (catford ,1965:20) Translation theory derives from comparative linguistics, and within linguistics, it is mainly an aspect of semantics; all questions of semantics relate to translation theory. (Newmark,1982/1985:5) Cultural views on Translation Translation is a process which occurs between cultures rather than simply between languages . ( Shuttleworth Cowie 1997:35) For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function. (Nida,2001:82) 翻译不仅涉及语言问题，也涉及文化问题。译者不仅要了解外国的文化，还要深入了解自己民族的文化。不仅如此，还要不断地把两种文化加以比较，因为真正的对等应该是在各自文化中的含义、作用、范围、感情色彩、影响等等都是相当的。翻译者必须是一个真正意义的文化人。人们会说：他必须掌握两种语言；确实如此，但是不了解语言当中的社会文化，谁也无法真正掌握语言。 （王佐良 1989） Literary Views on Translation Translation is an artistic recreation or a recreated art. Some modern western scholars from the literary school take literary translation to be “ the manipulation or rewriting of the source texts”. 文学翻译的任务是要把原作中包含的一定 社会生活的映像完好无损地从一种语言移注 到另一种语言中，在翻译过程中追求语言的 艺术美，再现原作的艺术性。用茅盾的话 说，是“使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原 作时一样得到启发，感动