【来之不易】Management(管理学.ppt

Management Xinchi Wang 0514cwang@yzu.edu.cn Chapter 2 management yesterday and today Learning Outline of Chapter 2 historical background of management scientific management general administrative theory quantitative approach toward understanding organizational behavior the systems approach the contingency approach current trends and issues historical background of management Two historical events are especially significant to the study of management: Division of labor (or job specialization) Industrial revolution The six major approaches to management: Scientific management, general administrative, quantitative approach, organizational behavior, systems, and contingency. Why studying management history is important? Looking at management history can help us understand today’s management theory and practice. It can help us see what did and did not work. Scientific management 1911, the year the modern management theory was born. Frederick Winslow Taylor Principles of Scientific management The theory of scientific management: the use of scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done. Take it easy, one best way Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Taylor’s four principles of management Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumb method. Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker. Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed. Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers. Management takes over all for which it is better fitted than the workers. General administrative theory(1) Henri Fayol He identified five functions of managers. His attention was directed toward the activities of all managers. He developed 14 principles of management. He believed that management was an activity com