七 词义的改变.pptx

Unit7Change of meaning;;Extra-linguistic;2.types of change;1.Generalisation of meaning;2.narrowing?of?word meaning;3.Upword shift in the meaning of a word(elevation) Eg:inn,knight,success…;5.Euphemism;6.Lexical revivals From science technology,music,sports,slang… ;词义的转移;Metaphor;1.n形 All the world is a stage, and all the men and women merely players. 2.v.形 The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it. 3.adj形 The mountainous waves swallowed up the ship. 4.-of形 (a.)a/the +n1+of+n2 The bridge of friendship (b.)a +n1+ of+ a + n2 A flower of a girl ;Metonymy(借代);4.Whole for part Do you need to use the bathroom 5.part for whole There are too many mouths to feed. 6.place for institution The white house denies the allegations.; Synecdoche(提喻) A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part . Eg: Gray bears(old men) Ten sails(ten ships) ;Synaesthesia(通感);今日主讲;Onomatopoeia（拟声）;Onomatopoeia often use alliteration and assonance;词义的演变过程;以hand 这个词为例，除了“手”这个中心意义还有18中其他义项;Development tendencies(发展趋势);4.subsumes changes of the type evidenced by the development of while ,while serves as the noun meaning “time”, was reduced by grammaticalization to a temporal connective , and later a concessive polysemy arose 5.dominant tendency. It involves “self-orientation” and “subjectification” , as exemplified by the development of epistemic modality, scalar particles like even,concessive from temporal meaning, as in the case of while (and , in contemporary English, meanwhile)