中国文学英文介绍 Chinese Literature.pptx

Zhōngguó wénxué 中国 文学 Chinese Literature ;China is the only country in the world with a literature written in one language for more than 3,000 consecutive years. ;This continuity results largely from the nature of the written language itself. It is the use of characters, not letters as in Western languages, that is most important in the Chinese language. The characters stand for things or ideas and so, unlike groups of letters. Thus Chinese could be read by people in all parts of the country in spite of gradual changes in pronunciation, the emergence of regional and local dialects, and modification of the characters .;China has a very old and rich tradition in literature and the dramatic and visual arts. Early writings generally derived from philosophical or religious essays such as the works of Confucius (551-479 BC) and Lao-tzu (probably 4th century BC). These writings were often about how people should act and how the society and political system should be organized and operated. A strong tradition of historical writing also evolved. After the fall of a dynasty, for example, a grand history of the late dynasty was commissioned and written by scholars in the next dynasty.;The principal genre of Chinese literature is poetry. The earliest Chinese Poem collection is 诗Shi经jing (Classic of Poetry) is made up of 305 poems divided into 160 folk songs; early folk songs established the 乐Yue府fu诗shi form that crystallized during the Han dynasty and dominated for the next 1,200 years. Beginning with the simple complaints and longings expressed in rhymed couplets of folk songs, this form gradually became more and more complex, or regulated, until it took years of study to master its formal rules of composition. Poetry became well established as a literary form during the T‘ang Dynasty,main contribution to Chinese literature was in the poetry of Dufu, Li Bai and many other poets. 杜Du甫fu and 李Li白Bai are often thought of as China’s greatest poets. ;李li白bai;Drama is another old a