柳杉拱型结构用集成材力学行为之研究.doc

柳杉拱型結構用集成材力學行為之研究 Study on the Structural Behavior of Japanese Cedar Structural Arch Glulam 研究生：徐惠君 Hsu, Hui-Chun 指導教授：葉民權 Yeh, Min-Chyuan 【摘要】 本研究目的為利用集成材縮尺模型之抗彎試驗與有限元素法模擬，探討拱型結構之力學行為。採用柳杉（Cryptomeria japonica）製成跨距2000 mm之拱型集成材，依據CNS 11031結構用集成材之分等標準對集成元分等製備彎曲集成材，並以二鉸拱與三鉸拱進行抗彎試驗，分析拱型集成材之抗彎強度與破壞模式，探討拱型結構之力學行為。 拱型集成材經抗彎試驗結果顯示，兩種拱結構之徑向應變分佈，越靠近中性軸其徑向應變值越大，在纖維方向之應變呈不對稱分佈，壓縮與拉伸側應變值相差約13~58 %，中性軸向下偏移約18-19 mm左右，壓縮側與拉伸側之應變呈線性關係。二鉸拱與三鉸拱兩種結構主要破壞在最上層與最下層之集成元但無破壞於膠合層，因此集成元配置時，其最上層與最下層之集成元宜選無缺點之集成元。九十度弧之二鉸拱與三鉸拱主要為彎曲破壞，其原因可能是構材1/4處之彎矩大，未來拱結構之設計可在較易破壞處增加斷面積，達到材料有效使用的經濟效應。 三鉸拱經抗彎試驗後其螺栓破壞有兩種，集成材沿螺栓孔洞位置產生平行木理之劈裂破壞，及自接合部位產生平行木理之徑向剪斷破壞面。三鉸拱扣件之接合剛性較低，螺栓接合受拉之降伏破壞模式主要為NDS規範中第VI型，其他螺栓變形類似NDS中第IIIs型。 應用有限元素法分析拱型集成材之抗彎應力與應變，先以等向性（Isotropic）材料特性建構簡化模型，以理論驗證分析結果，確認ANSYS模型建構之適當性，進一步使用直交性材料特性，結合相關元素建構縮尺試驗之模型，得到正確結果分析後，建立拱型結構在ANSYS之參數化程序（Log檔的建置）。以ANSYS軟體分析兩種柳杉拱型集成材，受到兩點載重條件下之應力應變分佈，二鉸拱的纖維方向與徑向之應變分佈趨勢相近，可能發生之破壞位置與實際情形相近；三鉸拱的纖維方向應變分佈趨勢較為相近。關鍵字：柳杉、拱型結構用集成材、有限元素分析、應變、螺栓接合 The purpose of this study was to evaluate a reduced-size glulam model for bending test and simulate mechanical behavior of structural arch with finite element method. Glulam arch members with the span of 2,000 mm were fabricated with Japanese cedar（Cryptomeria japonica）. Lamina were graded based on the CNS 11031 structural glulam standard. The bending tests were carried out with two-hinged and three-hinged arches. The analysis on structural behavior including bending strength and failure modes of arch glulam members was performed. The results indicated that radial strain of glulam arch became larger as approaching the neutral axis for two types of structural arches. Assymetrical distribution of strain along the fiber direction on the cross section was found showing a difference of 13~58 % between compressive and tensile strain. The neutral axis shifted toward tension side about 18-19 mm for both two-hinged and three-hinged arches. Major failure occurred on top and bottom layers of lamina for two-hinged and three-hinged arches w