中考语法大全.doc

2014年中考英语语法总复习（精华版） 词类。词类?英语名称?意???? 义?例????? 词名词?The Noun (缩写为n)?表示人或事物的名称?Basket, mouth, hospital, year, train冠词?The Article (art)?用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物?a, an, the?代词?The Pronoun (pron)?用来代替名词、形容词或数词?They, his, him, mine, which, all?形容词?The Adjective (adj)?用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征?Long, empty, heavy, different, cheap, hungry?数词?The Numeral (num)?表示数量或顺序?Three, thirteen, twenty, second?动词?The Verb (v)?表示动作或状态?Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing?副词?The Adverb (adv)?修饰动词、形容词或其他副词?Quickly, early, out, soon, then, sometimes?介词?The Preposition (prep)?表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系?From, with, at, into, behind, between, for?连词?The Conjunction (conj)?用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句?And, or, but, so, because?感叹词?The Interjection (interj)?表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感?Oh, hey, ouch, well, there, dear?（一）?名词：?????????????????????专有名词：表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如 China, John, London, the USA, Harbin .??????????????????????????????? 个体名词：表示单个的人或事物。如 boat, chair, desk, apple .??????????????????????????????????? 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如 family, people, class, police .?????? 可数名词普通名词? 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质。如 water, air, tea, sea, money, cotton .?????????????????????? 抽象名词：表示抽象概念的词。如 health, help, work, friendship .??????????????? 不可数名词?????? 2．名词的数。可数名词有单复数，不可数名词没有单复数。X| k |B| 1 . c|O |m???????? 3．名词的格：名词有三个格：主格（作主语）、宾格（作宾语）、和所有格。其中只有名词的所有格有形式变化。?（二）冠词???????? 1．定冠词－the .??????????? ○1 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。The students are very good.??????????? ○2 说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物。Where is the toilet ???????????? ○3 重复提到上文的人或事物。I have a cat , the cat is white and black .??????????? ○4 表示世界上独一无二的事物。The moon moves around the earth .??????????? ○5 形容词最高级和序数词前和表示方位的名词前。I am the oldest . He is the first to school . I live in the south .??????????? ○6 乐器的名称前常用定冠词－the 。I like playing the piano / violin .??????????? ○7 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表某一类人。We should help the poor .???????????? ○8 放在某些专有名词前。We will go to visit the Great Wall next week .??? the people’s Republic of China .??????????? ○9 放在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇两人。The Whites are watching TV .??????????? ○