中西文化对比(部分).pptxVIP

; Matter(物质，质料） versus Qi (气)： What Is the Basis of Reality?; Matter;What matter is consisted of? ;Qi (气);Chinese:;;太易，太初， 太始，太素。?太易，未见气； 太初，气之始； 太始，形之始； 太素，质之始。;Comparative Ideas of Bodies; Plato, On Human Nature and Its Disease1.Where Disease Originate?Disorder of Body four natures(“elements”) out of which body is compacted: earth and fire and water and airCause of body disorderA.the unnatural excess or detect of the four naturesB.the change of any of them from its own natural palce into anotherC.the assumption by any of these of a wrong kind, or any similar irregularity;;?The Human CharioteerTwo horses and a charioteer: and one of the horses was good (the right-hand horse) and the other bad (the left-hand horse). Those of other races are mixed; the human charioteer drives his horses in a pair; and one of them is noble and of noble breed, and the other is ignoble and of ignoble breed; and the driving of them of necessity gives a great deal of trouble to him.;;1.Bitter=hot+dry=choleric=easily moved to unreasonable or excessive anger. (yellow bile, associated with the liver)2. Sour=cold+dry=melancholic=marked by depression of mind and spirit. (black bile, associated with the kidneys and soleed)3. Sweet=cold+moist=phlegmatic=sluggish, dull, or apathetic coldness or indifference.(phlegm, a watery substance, associated with the lungs)4. Salty=hot+moist=sanguine=of rosy complexion,sturdy, cheerful, confident, optimistic. (red blood, associated with the heart)Notes: The four humors were implicitly compelling with one another for dominance. Only if one succeeded in imposing its strength over the others was the person considered sick. Agon surfaces as characteristically Western.;;;Chinese thinkers’ view about human nature;;Agreement: human nature at birth is a relatively minor factor compared to how one develops in the course of lifetime.;;social hierarchy is the place that human beings exist. The larger scale of one’s frame o