言论表达与女权主义.doc

言论自由与女权主义 --杜拉斯《情人》女性话语与父权制的对垒 摘要： 言论自由是表达自由的通常表述。言论是人类交流思想、传递信息的重要工具。密尔在其代表作《论自由》一书中，对于自由对人类精神福祉的必要性做出了精辟的概括，并指出：“迫使一个意见不能发表的特殊罪恶乃在它是对整个人类的掠夺。”没有对言论自由的保障，就没有思想之激荡，社会之进步。在这个意义上，卡多佐法官所称：言论自由是其他权利产生的摇篮，几乎为其他每种权利不可缺少的前提。 20世纪60年代以后，西方女权主义运动家的思想发生转变，她们发现追求政治、经济、职业的平等，并不能使女性获得真正的平等，因此转而要求自我发现，强调女性的差异性和独特性，通过对女性的强调和伸张来改变妇女的被动处境。女性主义作家想通过女性话语重构自己、伸张自己，争得女性在文学和社会中应有的地位。 杜拉斯是二十世纪西方文坛上较早具有女权主义意识的作家，她的思想受到二十世纪六十年代女权理论的影响。在她的代表作《情人》中我们看到了传统道德父权制在某种程度上仍是法权的代表，而女性则以其特有的女性视角和女性话语以斗争的姿态挑战世俗的男性话语。在《情人》女性话语与父权制的对垒中形成了一座桥梁，即它连接了“言论自由和女权主义”。正是这样的契机促使我对“言论自语”，“女权主义”，“女性话语”，“父权制”做一个有系统的整合分析以及解构分析。 关键词：言论自由；女权主义；女性话语；父权制；杜拉斯及其作品《情人》 Abstract The freedom of speech is the expression free usual indication. The opinion is the humanity exchanges the thought that the transmit message important tool. Mil in its representative works Discusses Freedom in a book, discussed the freedom regarding that to make the penetrating summary to the human energetic blessing necessity, and pointed out: “forces the special evil which an opinion cannot publish is in it is to the entire humanitys plundering.” To freedom of speechs safeguard, has not met does not have surging of the thought that progress of the social. In this significance, Judge Cardoso said: The freedom of speech is the cradle which other rights produce, nearly for other each right essential premise. after in the 1960s, the West feminism atheletes thought has the transformation, they discovered that pursue politics, the economical, the occupation equality, cannot cause the female to obtain the true equality, therefore transfers requests to discover, stressed feminine difference and the distinctive quality, through and promote to feminine emphasis change womans passive situation. The feminine principle writer wants to restructure themselves through the feminine words, to promote themselves, achieves the female in the literature and the society the proper status. Du Russ was in the 20th century West literary arena has the feminism consciousness wr