汉语句子的英译主语的处理研究.ppt

4、名词或名词化结构表示原因、目标，谓语动词使用“使……产生变化”的词汇。包括①使失去(deprive, cost, rob, bereave, disarm, prevent, diminish)；使增加(add, enbolden, brighten, win)；使无能(disable, incapcitate, disqualify)；使赋能(enable, empower, qualify,)；使免除(save, exonerate)；②使保持状态(keep, make, )；③状态变化类动词（throw, get, bring, temper） 1）他因为有犯罪记录，所以不能进入斯坦福大学学习。 His criminal record disqualified him from the addmission of Standford University. 2）早点出发，中午你就会到达那里。 An early start will get you there at noon. 3）仔细比较一下，就会发现这两者在本质上是不同的。 A careful comparison will show there is no resemblance between the two in nature. 4）他非常气愤，话都说不出来。 Indignation bereft him of speech. （bereft: deprived of or lacking something, especially non-material asset ） 5）屠户被众人局不过，只得连斟两碗喝了，壮一壮胆，将平日的凶恶样子拿出来。 Two bowls of wine bolstered up his courage, making him lose his scruples and start his usual rampaging. 5、将时间、处所作为主语 1)十天以后，他的军队就会土崩瓦解，他也就只剩下1400人了。 Ten days would disband his corps and leave him 1400 men. 2)1840-80年的40年间共有1000万人移民到美国。 The forty years, 1840-80, brought almost ten million migrants to America. 3)东方破晓的时候，他早已经上路了。 Dawn found him well along the road. 4) 在准备奥运会期间，北京发生了巨大的变化。 Beijing witnesses great changes since the preparation of Olympic Games. 6. 事件做主语，表示时间的先后。 事件名词化 1) 他母亲死后不久，他又失去了三岁的女儿。（她失去了三岁的女儿，不久母亲又离他而去。） The death of his mother was followed/preceded by the loss of his three-year-old daughter. 2) 在总统到来之前，犯人就被执行死刑了。 The execution of the prisoner preceded the president’s arrival. 3）林则徐认为，要成功地禁止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片焚毁。 Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. (名词化的事件作主语) Lin Zexu thought that we must burn down the opium first if we want to stop this business successfully（alternative)(人做主语) 名词化nominalization 即用名词结构表达一个小句的意思。 它与主语的选择，与句子的合并密切相关。在汉语长句的翻译 中还要继续学习。 汉译英句子的构句之一----主语的处理 主语的选择和确立 英汉语比 较: 主语 比较 英语属于偏重形式的语言，一个句子要独立表达一个完整的意思，必须包含主语和谓语两个组成部分，英语中绝大部分句子都是按“主语－谓语”形式构建而成的。主语与谓语的关系是施动者与动作的关系。根据美国语言学家所提出的语言类型学观点，英语属于“主语突出