河流沉积学研究.ppt

Channel Forms Meander Braided Distributary erosional base with truncation hydraulics energy distribution control vertical profile Sediment Bodies in Fluvial Environments (three types) Channel Forms–erosional base with truncation Progradational Forms–depositional base Accretionary Forms–minor erosional base associated with bar migration Meander Form Hydraulics control scour depth Energy distribution controls vertical facies succession Fining-up vertical profile Channel shape: sinuous Sandstone shape: flat bottom; convex-up top; blanket (not sinuous); isolated to amalgamated In a drainage basin, rivers tend to have same hydraulic properties, same scour depth, and channel sandstones have the same thickness Distributary Form Mouthbar formation creates distributary form Total discharge shared by many channels—channel can fill in same flow regime Channel shape: straight Sandstone shape: convex-down bottom; flat top; wings (steer head); narrow and long; isolated Blocky vertical profile (no grain size change) Braided Form Total discharge shared by many channels—channel can fill in same flow regime Channel shape: braided at low stage; straight in flood stage Sandstone shape: convex-down or flat bottom; flat top; ribbon; sandstones clustered in convex-up top, convex-down bottom pod Serrated vertical profile Different dimension (thickness and extension) of braided channel sandstones preserved in the strata record caused by different size of braided channels Progradational Forms Delta Front/Shoreface Crevasse Splay/Crevasse Channel Complex Mouth Bar Alluvial Fan Braid Delta Fan Delta Gilbert Delta depositional base hydraulics energy distribution control vertical profile Accretionary Forms Point Bar Cut and Fill Macroform Transverse Bar Longitudinal Bar minor erosional base from bar migration hydraulics energy distribution control vertical profile Alluvial fan=sediment gravity flow Alluvial fan +lake=fan delta Fluvial fan=water flow=braided st