史上最全英语构词法.doc

第一节 合成法合成法就是指由两个或两个以上的单词合成的词叫合成词。这种构词方式主要有两种：复合法、结合法。合成法主要是构成合成名词和合成形容词。复合法构成的复合词，它们各个结合的部分相互间的语法关系是紧密相关的。如blackboard和darkroom都是形容词和名词形成的结构，writing desk是动词名词和名词形式的结构。结合法形成的词是形态合成词，它的结合是用一个起来连接作用的中缀来把两个或两上以上的词根词素紧紧的连缀在一起。如，用辅音字母－s－来缀全两个词根词素构成的词有：salesman, townspeople等。合成的方式常见的有如下几种：一、合成名词1、名词／代词＋名词：woman-doctor, women-doctors, workshop, spaceship, he-goat, coal fire, motorcycle, gas cooker, oil well, power plant, silk worm, gold mine, bottleneck, piano keys, , television screen, chairman, fireman, motorman, police-officer, postman, pine tree, girl friend, boy friend, goldfish, raindrop, birdcage, breakfast time, flowerbed, tearoom【女医生,女医生,车间、宇宙飞船、山羊、煤火,摩托车、煤气炉、油井,发电厂,蚕,金矿,瓶颈,钢琴键,电视屏幕上,主席,消防员,司机、警察、邮递员,松树,女朋友,男朋友,金鱼,雨滴,鸟笼,早餐时间,花圃,茶室,,?2、动词＋名词：blowpipe, flashlight, watchdog, call-girl, searchlight吹管、手电筒、监督,应召女郎,探照灯3、形容词＋名词：blacksmith, blackboard, supermarket, superman, darkroom, blackbird, highchair, hothouse, greenhouse, madman铁匠,黑板,超市,超人,暗室,黑鸟,高脚椅子,温室,温室,疯子4、动名词＋名词：reading-room, sitting-room, classroom, schoolroom, dining room, building materials, dancing girl, cleaning women, flying machine, washing machine, working conditions, , drinking water, swimming pool, drinking cup, typing paper, writing desk, sewing machine, walking stick,【阅览室、起居室、教室,教室,餐厅,建筑材料,跳舞的女孩,清洗女性,飞行机、洗衣机、工作条件、饮水、游泳池、喝杯,打印纸,写字台,缝纫机,拐杖,?5、名词＋动名词：machine-building, shoe-making, book-keeping, dressmaking, letter-writing, story-telling, town-planning, handwriting, sun-bathing, horse riding, churchgoing, daydreaming机械制造、制鞋、簿记、制衣、写信,讲故事,城市规划,笔迹,太阳浴,骑马、上教堂,做白日梦6、动词＋副词：stand-by, take-off, cut-off, breakdown备用,起飞,截止,崩溃7、副词＋名词：downfall, rainfall, outhouse下台,降雨,厕所8、现在分词＋名词： running water, flying fish, rising sun, burning stick,?自来水,飞鱼,冉冉升起的太阳,燃烧棒,9、名词＋介词＋名词：man-of-war, editor-in-chief,?军舰,主编,10、名词＋连词字母＋名词：handiwork, nowadays手工,现在11、介词／副词＋名词：afternoon, inland, overbalance下午,内陆,失去平衡二、合成形容词1、形容词＋名词＋ed：five-storeyed, one-eyed, double-faced, blue-eyed,?五层,独眼,双面,蓝眼睛2、名词＋名词＋ed：honey-mouthed,??甜言蜜语的,3