『国际观察』 [大国战略]中美货币战争(二)(国外英语资料).doc

『国际观察』 [大国战略]中美货币战争(二)(国外英语资料) International observation [great power strategy] Sino US monetary War (two) National Development Strategy Department, research center of political economy, Tsinghua University There are nearly 200 countries in the world. What is the cross trade between them? In the gold standard period, this is not a question at all, because each countrys currency has fixed price with gold, and all foreign trade settlement is done by gold in the final analysis. However, due to the inconvenience of gold circulation, it can not adapt to the growth of Global trade, and the gold standard system disintegrated in the last century of 20s. At that time, because Britain has abundant reserves of gold, sterling has become a universally recognized stand head and shoulders above others, vouchers, or the international monetary. After the Second World War, the rapid growth of international trade volume, objectively requires more pounds issued to meet the worlds demand for trade, with the increase of circulation of the pound, when a large number of pounds to holders of the Royal Bank of gold, the gold reserves have been hollowed out, instead of the Bretton Woods system, the international monetary Jiangshan master, a fixed proportion of the dollar replaced sterling, and 35 dollars an ounce of gold has become a new international currency. When a countrys currency as an international currency, the country through the printing press printed their own money, and use the money to purchase the goods all over the world, which can be seen as a realization of a world full of plunder, therefore, the international community with rogue means will certainly require the currency of this country must maintain a fixed price. So even if the country with gold, the currency of the privilege of playing a little rascal, other countries will not eat too much loss, this is the original intention of the Bretton Woods treaty. However, to the end of 60s, issued a flood of dollars is far beyond