定期补货和定量补货.pptVIP

Inventory Management (Lec.3.4) Inventory Management Dependent versus Independent Demand Multiple Order Opportunities REASONS To balance annual inventory holding costs and annual fixed order costs. To satisfy demand occurring during lead time. To protect against uncertainty in demand. TWO POLICIES Continuous review policy（持续检查策略） inventory is reviewed continuously an order is placed when the inventory reaches a particular level or reorder point. inventory can be continuously reviewed (computerized inventory systems are used) Periodic review policy（定期检查策略） inventory is reviewed at regular intervals appropriate quantity is ordered after each review. it is impossible or inconvenient to frequently review inventory and place orders if necessary. or Fixed order quantity inventory systems Or Two- bin system Place an order of fixed order size (EOQ) wherever stock falls to a certain level (ROP，reorder point, 再定购点). Such systems need continuous review. (Q,R) policy – whenever inventory level falls to a reorder level R, place an order for Q units Continuous Review Policy AVG = Average daily demand faced by the distributor STD = Standard deviation of daily demand faced by the distributor L = Replenishment lead time from the supplier to the distributor in days h = Cost of holding one unit of the product for one day at the distributor α = service level. This implies that the probability of stocking out is 1 - α Continuous Review Policy Average demand during lead time: L x AVG Safety stock: Reorder Level, R: Order Quantity, Q: Analysis The reorder point (s) has two components: To account for average demand during lead time:LT?AVG To account for deviations from average (we call this safety stock) z ? STD ? ?LT ROP=LT?AVG +z ? STD ? ?LT Since there is a fixed cost, we order more than up to the reorder point: Q=?(2 ?K ?AVG)/h The total order-up-to level is: S=Q+s Inventory level is reviewed periodically at regu