操作系统进程.ppt

Chapter 4 Processes 进程 Chapter 5 Threads 线程 Chapter 6 CPU Scheduling CPU调度 Chapter 7 Process Synchronization 进程同步 Chapter 8 Deadlocks 死锁 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES To introduce the notion of a process -- a program in execution, which forms the basis of all computation To describe the various features of processes, including scheduling, creation and termination, and communication To describe communication in client-server systems Chapter 4: Processes 4.1 Process Concept 进程概念 4.2 Process Scheduling 进程调度 4.3 Operations on Processes 进程操作 4.4 Cooperating Processes 协作进程（并入4.5） 4.5 Interposes Communication 进程间通信 4.6 Communication in Client-Server Systems 客户端－服务器系统通信 4.7 Summary小结 4.1 Process Concept An operating system executes a variety of programs: Batch system – jobs Time-shared systems – user programs or tasks Textbook uses the terms job and process almost interchangeably. Process – a program in execution; process execution must progress in sequential fashion. 进程：程序的一次执行 A process includes: program counter processors registers (which represent the current activity) 程序计数器、处理器寄存器（记录当前活动） Stack(which contains temporary data, such as method parameters, return addresses, and local variables) 栈（包含临时数据、方法参数、返回地址以及局部变量） data section(which contains global variables. ) 数据段（包含全局变量） Comparison between Process and Program进程与程序的比较 A program is a passive entity（such as the contents of a file stored on disk） a process is an active entity（with a program counter specifying the next instruction to execute and a set of associated resources） 程序是静态实体，而进程是动态实体。 two processes may be associated with the same program（but, they are nevertheless considered two separate execution sequences) 两个进程可能关联于同一个程序 a process may spawn many processes as it runs 一个进程运行期间往往会产生多个（子）进程 Diagram of Process State As a process executes, it changes state new: The process is being created. running: Instructions are being executed. waiting: The process is waiti