流行病学1的.pptVIP

;流行病学;;;一、 流行病学定义;;;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Last(1983，流行病学词典，第一版)：流行病学研究人群中与健康有关状态和事件的分布及决定因素，以及应用这些研究以维持和促进健康的问题。 Last(1995，流行病学词典，第三版)：流行病学是研究特定人群中疾病和健康状态的分布及其决定因素，以及防治疾病和促进健康的策略与措施的科学。 ;目前的定义;; 流行病学定义的诠释;流行病学定义的诠释;研究内容的三个层次： 疾病 　传染病、寄生虫病、地方病、非传染性疾病等 伤害 　意外、残疾、智障、身心损害等 健康状态 　生理生化机能状态、疾病前状态、长寿等;;描述流行病学方法; 二、 流行病学简史; 1.学科形成前期; 1.学科形成前期;Girolomo Fracastoro (1478-1553); 1.学科形成前期;重要贡献: VitC ??? 坏血病的关系 实验流行病学的先驱;英国医生Edward Jenner (1749-1823); 2.学科形成期; 2.学科形成期;Semmelweis (1818, 7, 1 - 1865, 8, 13), Vienna, Austria ???? Discovered that puerpural fever (childbed fever) was a generalized infection of women in childbirth induced by the introduction of infectious matter most often by physicians examining women during delivery.? He introduced the practice of handwashing and asepsis in chlorine hypochlorite to block transmission of the disease.; 2.学科形成期;John Snow (1813-1858) 英国医生;John Snow, the first epidemiologist During an outbreak of cholera in London in 1854, John Snow plotted on a map the location of all the cases he learned of. Water in that part of London was pumped from wells located in the various neighborhoods. Snows map revealed a close association between the density of cholera cases and a single well located on Broad Street. Removing the pump handle of the Broad Street well put an end to the epidemic. This despite the fact that the infectious agent that causes cholera was not clearly recognized until 1905. ; 2.学科形成期; 2.学科形成期; 3.学科发展期;(1) 第一阶段;(1) 第一阶段;(1) 第一阶段;(1) 第一阶段;(1) 第一阶段;(2) 第二阶段;(2) 第二阶段;(3) 第三阶段;第二节流行病学研究方法;;;第二节流行病学研究方法;第三节 与其他学科的关系;第三节 与其他学科的关系;;第四节 流行病学的用途;;;;第五节 流行病学研究 的重要观点;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;;第六节 意义与展望;二、展望;Epidemiology