最全的非谓语动词课件详解.pptVIP

分词的时态和语态 构成（以study和go为例） 及物与不及物动词 语态 时态 类别 及 物 动 词 不及物动词 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 现在分词 一般式 studying being studied going 完成式 having studied having been studied having going 过去分词 一般式 studied gone 被动式： being done 表示一个现在进行的完成动作。 1.The building being repaired is our library. 2.The question being discussed is very important. 3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being put up. 完成式：having done 所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。 Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 2. Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him. 独立主格结构 一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。 独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。 　　独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 Given more time, we could do it better. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. 1．独立主格结构的形式： （1）名词 / 代词 + -ing分词及其短语 The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.The pupils are walking slowly, their teacher following. （2）名词 / 代词 + -ed分词及其短语 Good-bye said, we went home.All things considered, it is a good plan. （3）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语 The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming.Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated. （4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语 The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away.Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. （5）名词 / 代词 + 副词及其短语 The meeting (being) over, we left the room. （6）名词 / 代词 + 介词及其短语 She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner. 2．with + 复合宾语结构 这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。 （1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 名词The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.He was carried into the hospital, with his face a mass of bleeding flesh.