椒江区外经贸局以“阳光心态”专题教.ppt

Consequences of school bullying and violence Christina Salmivalli University of Turku, Finland It is evident that children exposed to systematic victimization by their peers suffer from adjustment problems Victimization is concurrently associated with depression, anxiety, low global and social self-concept, suicidal ideation, school avoidance (Card, 2003; Hawker Boulton, 2000)… Strongest effect sizes for internalizing problems, BUT victimization is also associated with externalizing problems Victimization is even related to health problems (Rigby, 2001) Several interpersonal correlates such as rejection, low number of friends and low friendship quality The bullies, and especially bully-victims, suffer from adjustment problems as well Are the associations between victimization and maladjustment only concurrent, or does victimization longitudinally predict adjustment problems? OVERALL: Studies investigating the consequences of victimization while controlling for intitial levels in the variables of interest are still surprisingly rare Many of the concurrent correlates of victimization seem to be both antecedents and consequences of it A vicious cycle by which children get trapped in the role of continued victimization HOWEVER: Internalizing problems, such as depression, seem to increase as a result of victimization rather than precede it Low self-esteem, on the other hand, is clearly an antecedent of victimization, whereas evidence of longitudinal changes in (global) self-esteem resulting from victimization is more mixed Prospective relations between victimization, rejection, friendlessness and children’s self- and peer-perceptions Christina Salmivalli University of Turku, Finland In the short term, victimization seems to influence children’s generalized perception of peers, rather than their view of themselves A negative self-perception is clearly a risk factor for victimization (but also for other peer relationship adversities, such as rejection and friendlessn