电子科大无线传感器网络wsn_chapter_1_概述技术总结.pptVIP

Problem No method exists to make IP run over IEEE 802.15.4 networks Stacking IP and above layers “as is” may not fit within one 802.15.4 frame IPv6 40 octets, TCP 20 octets, UDP 8 octets + other layers (security, routing, etc) leaving few bytes for data Not all adhoc routing protocols may be immediately suitable for LoWPAN DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) may not fit within a packet. AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) needs more memory. Limited configuration and management necessary Security for multi hop needs to be considered 6LoWPAN IPV6最大报文1280B，而802.15. 4的MAC层最大报文127B 由于25B地址域信息，给上层的负载域只有102B 其次两者采用的地址机制不相同 IPv6采用层次化策略,地址的前段由地址前缀构成。802.15. 4直接采用64位地址或16位地址，且对一组设备还有一个PANID 两者设备的通信能力不同，IPv6没有能量方面的限制。而802.15.4很多都是电池供电，能量有限 网络协议优化目标不同，IPv6关心如何快速地实现报文转发，而802.15.4如何在节省能量的情况下实现可靠的通信 协议报文转换适配层 为实现802.15. 4与IPv6的无缝链接，6Lowpan工作组建议在IPv6与802.15.4MAC间加个网络适配层 完成报头压缩、报文分片与重组、网状路由转发等 传输在IEEE 802.15. 4上的IPv6层数据报文都按传输要求添加一系列头部 各种头部都是由头部类型字段和头部各个域字段构成。如同在一般的IPv6网络中，报文一般添加有顺序字段、路由、地址、分片等头部，6Lowpan中的IPv6报文也按照具体的传输要求被添加mesh地址、跳数的选项、分片等一系列头部。在Lowpan草案中规定了当数据报文有多个头部需要添加时，遵循的顺序是：mesh地址头部、广播头部、分片头部。 6LoWPAN协议栈结构 Challenges of LoWPAN Impact Analysis Addressing Routing Security Network management Low power (1-2 years lifetime on batteries) Storage limitations, low overhead Periodic sleep aware routing, low overhead Simplicity (CPU usage), low overhead Periodic sleep aware management, low overhead Low cost ($10/unit) Stateless address generation Small or no routing tables Ease of Use, simple bootstrapping Space constraints Low bandwidth (300kbps) Compressed addresses Low routing overhead Low packet overhead Low network overhead High density (2-4? units/sq ft) Large address space – IPv6 Scalable and routable to *a node* Robust Easy to use and scalable IP network interaction Address routable from IP world Seamless IP routing Work end to end from IP network Compatible with SNMP, etc 习 题 1、什么是无线传感器网络？ 2、简述无线传感器网络的特点。 3、传感器节点的组成及其功能是什么？ 4、无线传感器网络的通信传输介质有哪些类型？各有什么特点？ 5、IEEE802.15.4标准的设计目标