第8课骨外科骨折1.ppt

手法复位 小结 肱骨骨折是临床上常见的上肢骨折之一。根据发生部位的不同，又可分为肱骨外科颈骨折、肱骨骨干骨折以及肱骨髁上骨折三种。 临床表现： 1.肩部疼痛、肿胀、淤斑，上肢活动障碍。严重时可出现休克、发热等全身症状； 2.检查时局部有明显的压痛，有时可扪及骨折断端。 Summary Humerus fracture is one the most common fractures of the upper limb seen in the clinical settings. It can be divided into surgical neck fracture, shaft fracture, and supracondylar fracture of humerus. Clinical features: 1. Shoulder pain, swelling, ecchymosis, upper limb dysfunction. Constitutional symptoms, such as shock and fever, may occur under severe conditions. 2. Physical examinations may suggest obvious pressing pain, and sometimes papable fractured ends. 诊断： 1. 凡出现畸形、异常活动、骨擦音或骨擦感等三个体征之一者，即可诊断为骨折 2. X线拍片检查对骨折的诊断和治疗具有重要价值 治疗： 1. 复位：将移位的骨折端恢复正常或近乎正常的解剖关系，重建骨的支架作用； 2. 固定：将骨骼维持在复位后的位置； 3. 康复治疗：在不影响固定的情况下，让患者进行舒缩活动，以便尽早地恢复患 者肢体的肌肉、肌腱、韧带、关节囊等软组织。 Diagnosis: Fracture may be diagnosed if any one of the three symptoms, including malformation, abnormal movement, and bony crepitus or bone rub,can be found. X-ray film is of great importance in diagnosing and treating bone fracture. Treatment: Reposition: Restore the fractured ends back to as normal or as near-normal anatomy as possible, and re-establish the framework of the bone. Fixation: Maintain the bone in place after reposition. Rehabilitation therapy: Activities of both relaxation and contraction are encouraged to speed up the recovery of soft tissues like muscle, tendon, ligament, and joint capsule. 医学知识 骨折是指骨的完整性和连续性中断，常由创伤或骨骼疾病引起。 骨折的类型依据不同的分类方法有所不同。 根据骨折处皮肤黏膜的完整性，分为闭合性骨折和开放性骨折。前者骨折处皮肤 或黏膜完整，骨折端不与外界相通。后者骨折处皮肤或黏膜破裂，骨折端与外界 相通。根据骨折的程度和形态，分为不完全性骨折和完全性骨折。不完全性骨折 是指骨的完整性和连续性部分中断，而完全性骨折是指骨的完整性和连续性完全 中断。 Medical Common Sense Bone fracture refers to the break of the integrity and continuity of the bone, which is usually caused by trauma or bone disease. Types of bone fracture vary according to the different means of classification. According to the integrity of the skin or mucus membrane at the fractured sites, fractures can be divided into closed fracture and open fracture.