19世纪英国贫穷观念的变化.pdfVIP

A b s t r a c t In the 19th century, the traditional ideas of poverty in B ritain have undergone trem endou s changes. T raditionally poverty has been seeing as a norm al social ph enom enon and eth ical issu es, now it b ecom es a pressing social issu e. T hink ers, political econom ists， social reform ers, and novelists put forw ard their ow n ideas of poverty at that tim e. T hey focu s on the problem s such as the definition of poverty, the cau ses of poverty, the m oral p ersp ective of the prob lem of poverty, the w ay to solve the prob lem of poverty . T hese ideas are rooted in the context and strongly influence th e social legislation at that tim e. T hou gh the P oor L aw sy stem an d th e w elfare state sy stem are tw o different sy stem s, the constant m aturity of th e ideas of p overty hardly in flu ences th e estab lishm ent of th e B ritish w elfare s ta te . T h is thesis bases on the process of legislative relief and th e decipherm ent of w riting s at that tim e. It is propo sed to figure out the changes of the ideas of poverty in the n ineteenth C entury and th e interaction b etw een the ideas and th e social actions in B ritain . T he first part exp lores the origin of the obscure defin ition of poverty, inclu ding the ideas of the th inkers, political econom ists, social reform ers，and poor them selves at that tim e. A nd then, it com es to th e conclu sion that the ideas of poverty profound ly influence the poor law re fo rm in 18 3 4 . T he second part introduces the process of the poverty legislation in late n ineteenth C entury and the w ay to elim inate the am b igu ity of the defin ition of poverty . It also points out the new social prob lem s cau sed by the new poor law , and then m akes a further discussion of poverty concept from the p ersp ective of m orality. F inally it m akes a brief