美国高层建筑火灾扑救--Craig Harris Radelman.pptx

CITY OF MIAMI NFPA 迈阿密市政府·美国消防协会;INTRODUCTION 内容简介;HIGH-RISE BUILDING FACTS 美国高层建筑概况;HIGH-RISE BUILDING FACTS 美国高层建筑概况;HIGH-RISE BUILDING FACTS  美国高层建筑概况; S. FLORIDA BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 佛罗里达州建筑概况和特点;BUILDING CONSTRUCTION CHARACTERISTICS建筑概况和特点;BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FEATURES 建筑特点;BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FEATURES 建筑特点;TYPE I BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 一类建筑;TYPE I BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 一类建筑;TYPE II BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 二类建筑;TYPE III BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 三类建筑;GENERATION OF HIGH-RISE CONSTRUCTION 高层建筑年代分类;FIRST GENERATION: BUILT BEFORE 1945 (PRE WWII) 第一代：1945年前的建筑（二战前）;Made of steel structural components, beams, girders columns are encased in concrete or some other form of masonry or tile. 由钢结构建成，横梁、主梁和柱都是由混凝土或者其他形式的砌体或浇筑体包裹。 Exterior walls made of stone or brick, although sometimes cast iron is used for decoration. 外墙由砖石砌成，有些会用铸铁作装饰。 Floors are constructed of reinforced concrete. 楼板由钢筋混凝土构建。 Stairways?protected by several inches of?concrete with an air lock that prevents the smoke entering inside it. AKA: “Fire Towers”. 楼梯用几英寸厚的混凝土加“防烟前室”来保护，以防止烟气侵入，所以这些楼梯间又称作“消防塔” 。;SECOND GENERATION: 1950-60S (POST WWII) 第二代：20世纪50-60年代 （二战后）;SECOND GENERATION: 1950-60S (POST WWII) 第二代：20世纪50-60年代 （二战后）;Columns, girders, and beams were not protected by masonry as they had been in the past. 与过往的建筑不同的是，这些建筑的柱、主梁和横梁周围未砌砖石进行保护。 Sprayed asbestos insulation or a composition material was sprayed onto structural steel to protect it against fire. 喷制石棉保护层或者将合成材料喷到钢构件上以进行阻燃保护。 The sprayed on insulation had been tested to offer 4-hour* test ratings for columns and three-hour ratings for beams and girders. 经测试，喷涂了保护层的柱子、横梁和主梁分别达到4小时和3小时的试验耐火极限。;Exterior curtain wall construction (aid fire spread) 外部幕墙的建筑形式（促使火势蔓延） Central core construction design* 芯式设计 Fireproofing of structural members (inappropriate applied) 防火建筑构件（不恰当的使用） Fire loads 火灾荷载;SECOND GENERATION: 1950-60S (POST WWII) 第二代：20世纪50-60年代 （二战后）; Meter rooms typically found on every floor o