腘窝囊肿综述中英文对照.ppt

Popliteal Cysts: A Current ReviewAlyssa M. Herman, BS; John M. Marzo, MD Abstract Of the possible cystic lesions around the knee joint, popliteal cysts are the most prevalent.Popliteal cysts most commonly form by distention of the gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa, which is located in the medial aspect of the popliteal fossa.These cysts are also referred to as Baker’s cysts, a name given to the condition after Baker’s classic case description of popliteal swelling 腘窝囊肿是膝关节周围最常见的囊性病变。腘窝囊肿通常由腘窝内侧的腓肠肌 - 半膜肌滑囊膨胀形成，最早由 Baker 报道，又称 Baker’s 囊肿。 Abstract The gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa is situated between the tendons of the gastrocnemius and semimembranosus muscles and is a normal anatomic finding. 腓肠肌 - 半膜肌滑囊是位于腓肠肌、半膜肌肌腱之间的正常解剖组织。 Abstract This bursa has been found to communicate with the knee joint capsule via a transverse opening in the posterior capsule at the level of the medial femoral condyle, where the gastrocnemius tendon merges with the joint capsule. 该滑囊通过一横孔与膝关节囊腔相通，横孔位于股骨内侧髁水平处的关节囊后部。且腓肠肌肌腱与膝关节囊在股骨内侧髁处相连。 Abstract Most often, this opening takes the shape of a horizontal slit measuring 4 to 24 mm.The communication between the bursa and the joint capsule is almost nonexistent in children, and the presence of this opening increases in frequency with age. 横孔通常是 4 到 24 毫米大小的水平裂缝。滑膜囊腔通常在儿童阶段并不与关节腔相通，随着年龄的增加，出现缺口的几率也增加。 Abstract The integrity of the joint capsule decreases with age, and it is theorized that this opening results from a tear in the degenerated joint capsule. Rauschning observed that, when no opening was found, capsular thinning was seen in the same area and noted that the cyst is simply a herniation of synovium, as originally postulated by Baker. 膝关节囊完整性随着年龄增加而减低，有理论认为缺口是由于退化的膝关节囊撕裂后所致。Rauschning 观察到，对无关节缺口的人群，在囊肿的同一区域仍可观察到关节囊，提示腘窝囊肿可能是贝克最初假设的滑膜疝出所致。 Abstract A true ganglion cyst can form, usually by fluid leakage through a horizontal or oblique medial meniscus tear, forming a wall of dense fibrous connective tissue (not synovium) as a d