英汉翻译3.ppt

Theory and Practice of E-C Translation 第四节 实译与虚译 所谓实译，是指词义或词组义从抽象引向具体，从一般引向特殊，从概括引向局部，从“虚” 引向“实”的过程。 所谓虚译，是指词义或词组义从具体引向抽象，从特殊引向一般，从局部引向概括，从“实”引向“虚”的过程 实译（具体化） 词语经常需要具体化: Transportation 运输工具 preparation 准备工作 backwardness 落后状态 Tension 紧张局势 madness 疯狂行为 antagonism 敌对态度 注意有时要根据上下文正确判断再决定是否具体化，怎样具体化 具体化有时可借用四字词组 Very timid； very strong； Very anxious to return home Have not cut off relations completely 句子： The pharmacologists are making a careful study of the allergy of the medicine. The dancing hall was filled with gayety. Her jealousy is the cause of her failure. The black people were fighting against the segregation of the government. John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long. All the irregularities of the students in that university resulted in punishment. 虚译(抽象化) 1. She showered us with telegrams. 2. Every life has its roses and thorns. 3. See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct. 4. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 第五节 正、反翻译法 英汉语都有从正面或反面来表达概念的用法。 正反判断： 在英语中是否用no, not或者出现de-,dis, im-, un-, -less等词缀的词；在汉语中是否用“不”、“非”、“无”、“没（有）”、“未”、“否”等字眼。 几乎所有词类都可在某些情况下使用此翻译方法。而且有时伴随词类转换。 一、英正汉反 1. Wait, he is serious. 2. Now, Clara, be firm with the boy! 3. This football team was organized three years ago and it had yet to win a single game. 4. The criminal is still at large. 5. The project is a yet all in the air. 6. Her hand was underneath, and he kept his clasp on it a moment longer than necessary. 1) The first bombs missed the target. 2) We may safely say so. 3) The subversion attempts proved predictably futile. 4) This decision is not final. 5) This problem is above/beyond me. 6) The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered. 7) Haste makes waste. 8) The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war. 9) We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. 10) He was 75, bu