英语教学法教程unit10 teaching speaking.ppt

Unit 10 Teaching Speaking Aims of the unit: Through learning and discussion ,students will get to know: 1. the main characteristics of spoken language 2. principles for teaching speaking 3. typical types of speaking activities 4. How to organize speaking activities? 10.1 What are the characteristics of spoken language? Speaking is a skill, just like swimming, driving a car, or playing ping-pong. Too often, in the traditional classroom, the learning of English has been relegated to linguistic knowledge only, e.g. knowledge of vocabulary and grammar rules, with little or no attention paid to practising language skill. How can we tell the difference between knowledge and skill? According to Bygate (1987:4) one “fundamental difference is that both can be understood and memorised, but only a skill can be imitated and practised”. Characteristics of spoken language Spontaneity Time-constraint Spontaneity In most situations, people do not plan ahead of time what they are going to say. The fact that speech is spontaneous means that it is full of false starts, repetitions, incomplete sentences, and short phrases. Should we expect the students to produce complete sentences in language classroom? Time-constraint The students must be able to produce unplanned utterances in real time; otherwise people will not have the patience to listen to them. Which of the following activities do you think would help to prepare students for real life speech in English? Reading aloud (needs to be supplemented with more realistic activities as the level increases). Giving a prepared talk (may be used for advanced level) Learning a piece of text or dialogue by heart more realistic activities as the level increases). Interviewing someone, or being interviewed (Yes. It helps to prepare students for real life speech .) Doing a drill (needs to be supplemented with more realistic activities as the level increases) . Also students must consider whom they are talking to and be ab