英语语法动词-ing.ppt

动词-ing 1. 动词-ing 形式的特征和种类 动词-ing与不定式一样也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式???? ???????????????????????????????完成式 主动形式?? doing????????????????主动形式?? having done 被动形式?? being done??????被动形式?? having been done 动词 -ing的一般式和完成式： 动词-ing一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 动词-ing的被动式 The question being discussed is very important. Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 动词-ing的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. His not coming made all of us angry. 2.动词-ing的语法作用 1)动词–ing（短语）作主语： Being invited to the party was a great honor to the family. ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. Its a waste of time arguing about it. ②在There is no结构中，通常用动词-ing。如：There is no joking about such matters. There is no holding back the wheel of history. 2) 动词-ing（短语）作表语： His hobby is collecting stamps. The problem is quite puzzling. 3) 动词-ing作宾语： ①动词–ing作动词宾语。如： I suggest doing it in a different way. I regret saying/having said those words. ②动词-ing作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如： Do you consider it any good trying again? ③动词-ing作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如： They don’t feel like walking that much. 4)动词 -ing作定语： ①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如： reading room swimming pool dining car ，sleeping car ，singing competition ，waiting room ②动词-ing短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如： Who is the comrade standing by the door? They lived in a house facing south. 5) 动词-ing做状语： -ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. ②-ing短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. Many of us, being so excited, ?couldn’t go to sleep that night. ③–ing短语作结果状语。如： His father died, l