英语重要句型活用指南.doc

第一章?it做形式主语的句型 动名词做主语通常表示一件已知的事情或经验。 动名词做主语要视为一个单一的个体，其后动词用单数形式。 climbing mountaing is interesting. driving the car during the rush hour is tiring. ? 不定式做主语通常表示一件未完成的事情或目的。此类短语作主语时，亦视为单一个体，其后动词用单数形式。 to study abroad has long been my dream. ? 但无论动名词还是不定式作主语如果太长，不美观，需要it作形式主语。如果主语不长则不需要形式主语，否则也影响美观。 it is useless to learn english writing without a clear understand of sentence structure. ? it is no use +动名词= it is useless +不定式= there is no use in +动名词 ? 只能修饰事物的形容词很多，常用的有，hard,difficult, easy,worth,while,necessar,interesting,essential ,useful,useless,此类形容词造句千万不可以人做主语； 表示人气质的单词如stupid,cruel,wise,kind,careful,careless,impolite,polite可以人做主语； ? 有些形容词即可修饰人亦可修饰物，如good,bad,foolish。 修饰人时用介词of,修饰物时用介词for it is good of you to help the boy.? it is goood for us to do the jogging. ? 一边吃东西一边说话很不礼貌。 it is impolite to talk while eating. 你有必要立即开展工作。 it is necessary for you to start the work at once.--------------at once?置于动词后面?come here at once. 选择好友对你是很重要的 it is important for you to choose good friends.----------------choose=pick out选择 你任由窗子开着，实在太粗心了 it was careless of you to leave the window open.-------------leave?不及物动词 任由----，加宾语之后，再接形容词或分词作宾语补足语。 他真蠢，竟然犯了这样的错误 it was stupid of him to make such a mistake. ? 2）it is ----that???强调句型 介词的宾语1）只有whether及疑问词引导的名词从句，可做介词的宾语；2）that从句决不可直接做介词的宾语，其补救方法如下：介词+the fact+that从句； Im curious about whether he can do it; Im curious about? what he will do; Im curious about when he can do it; Im curious about hwo he will do it; ? Im curious about the fact that he? shoud study so hard. 介词+变成所有格+变成动名词? Im curious about his studying so hard. He is interesting in marys having married peter. 主语+be+adj+that从句：?Im curious? that he should study so hard. Im interested(adj) that mary has married peter. ? whether?引导的名词从句只有在做动词的宾语时，或被形式主语it替代时，才可与if互用，其余情况中，则不能用if取代whether. whether he will come is not known.(true) if he will come is not known(false) if he will come is not known(false) the problem is whether he will come