莎士比亚生平 人文主义 诗歌鉴赏.ppt

Humanism General Definition The welfare of human being is very important. It emphases the worth of life in this world, and the dignity of human being. The Origin of Humanism(6th-century BCE ) Thales Xenophanes The Development of Western Humanism The rise of the Sophists(智者学派): Skepticism Against superstition Emphasis on the value of man The Development of Western Humanism Socrates’s Humanism Pay attention to humans ethics and morals Knowledge is virtue Know yourself The Development of Modern Western Humanism Renaissance（ 14th–17th ）--spring up Against religious asceticism（禁欲主 义） and obscurantism（蒙昧主义） Highlights the significance of human， deny god In the pursuit of happiness and freedom Advocate personality liberation Respect and promote science and rationality Enlightenment（17th—18th）--Climax ? Measure everything by human rationality ? Personal freedom and right ? Natural rights(天赋人权) ;social contract（社会契约） ? Liberty and equality ? Separation of powers（三权分立） Father of the HumanismFrancesco Petrarca(1304-1374) Explain classic works with new vision Challenge medieval theology Praise man’s right and dignity Encourage the pursuit of happiness It was the greatest progressive revolution that mankind has so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giants — giants in power of thought, passion and character, in universality and learning.“ —Engels The Positive Influence of Humanism The essence of Renaissance. Helped to civilize man, to make him realize his potential powers and gifts. It represented the new ideas of the rising bourgeoisie. The Negative Influence (limitations) of the humanism The humanism emphasized too much on the individuals, which may be easy to cultivate the subjectivity and extreme individualism. SONNET 十四行诗 A fourteen-line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambic pentameter （抑扬格五音步）. 抑扬格 如果一个音步中有两个音节，前者为轻，后者为重，则这种音步叫抑扬格音步，其专业术语是