构词法.doc.doc

第十三章 构词法(Word formation) 词汇是学习语言的基础，理解和掌握构词法可以提高记忆单词的效率，有助于我们扩大词汇量。 英语构词法主要有：合成转化法、派生法、混成法，截短法和首字母缩略法，其中前三种最重要。 一、合成（Compounding） 由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“一”连接，有的直接连写在一起。合成法主要有： （1）合成名词： ①n+nn c classroom, schoolyard, spaceship, newspaper,postman, housewife, 等。 ②adj +nn mainland, blackboard, gentleman, newcomer(新来者),best-seller(畅销书), shorthand( 速记) ③v+nn pickpocket(扒手),breakwater(防水堤), runway(跑道),rush-hour(高峰时间)，rubstone(磨刀石) ④-ing+n n reading-room, waiting-room, sleeping-pill(安眼药), writing desk ⑤adv / prep +n n afternoon, onlooker(旁观者) ⑥n+ingn handwriting(书法),sightseeing, horse riding, sun—bathing（日光浴） ⑦n+advn passer-by (过路人) breakthrough(重大突破) get-together, turn-off(断开), ,breakdon(衰落) ⑧adv+vn cutbreak(爆发), output(输出),input, downfall(垮台) ⑨n+介词短语n father-in-law(岳父),son-in-law(女婿), command-in-chief(总司令),comrade-in-arms(战友) （2）合成形容词 ①adj / 数词+ n+-ed adj kind-hearted, cold-blooded, write-haired, middle-aged, one-eyed (独眼的),three-legged ②adj+-ing adj goodlooking (相貌好看的),easy-going(随和的),English-speaking, ③adj+nadj low-price, high-class(高级的),second-hand(旧的), everyday,larye-scale(大规模) ④n+adjadj lifelong(终生的),nationwide(全国性的),worldwide, world-famovs, color-blind(色盲的),airsick(晕飞机的) ⑤n+ 分词 adj man-made, state-owned(国有的), radio-eguipped, sunburnt(晒黑的) peace-loving(热爱和平的)fun-loving(爱开玩笑的) ⑥adv+分词adj well-known, widspread (分布广的),well-informed(消息灵通的),hard-working(勤劳的) Far-reaching（深远的）long-lasting（耐用的） (3)合成动词 ①adv +vv overthrow(推翻),undergo(经历),uphold(高举), overhear(无意),output(输出),input, ②n+vv sleep-walk(梦游),daydream(做白日梦),spoonfeed(填鸭式灌输),sun-bathe, mess-produce (大规模生产) ③adj+vv whitewash(粉刷),blacklist(列入黑名单),dry-salt(干腌), deep-freeze(冷藏) (4)合成副词 ①adv+advadv however, whenever, moreover(而且), therefore, ②adj+advadv everyahere, nowhere, somewhere, anywhere, ③n+advadv headfirst(头朝下),daylong(整天),nightlong(通宵) ④adv+nadv downstairs, upstairs, downhill, inside, westward, upward, (5)合成代词 some, any, every, no 可与 -thing –one, -body 合成代词，代词宾格(物主代词)+self(selves): something, ever