词汇学009-synonymy.ppt

Sense relations between words Synonymy Antonymy Polysemy Homonymy Hyponymy Meronymy A. Synonyms / synonymy 1. Definition of synonymy Two or more words have the same meaning and deal with relation of sameness of meaning. It is one of the characteristic features of vocabulary of natural languages. 2. Absolute synonyms Absolute synonyms are words which are fully identical in meaning. They are interchangeable in all contexts and with identical connotations There are a few absolute synonyms in English. The synonyms may be found in scientific terms. Examples of absolute synonyms: 1. scarlatina 2. caecitis 3. word-forming 4. breathed consonant 5. breathless consonant scarlet-fever typhlitis word-building voiceless consonant voiced consonant Relative synonyms differ from absolute synonyms in … a. in shade of meaning * amazed and astounded A teacher was amazed to find that a lazy student had gained a mark of 100 in an important test. A woman may be astounded to learn that her dearest friend has been spreading malicious gossip about her. amaze: 难以相信 （difficulty of belief） astound: 难以相信的程度更高（extreme difficulty of belief） * escape and flee The wolf rolled over and played dead to escape capture by the farmer. They lost no time in fleeing the burning hotel. Escape 和flee字面意义为：逃，逃脱， 但flee强调在紧急情况下仓促逃跑。 * throng / crowd / group throng: moving crowd crowd: density group: general b. in stylistic meaning a) Penalties for overdue books will be strictly enforced. written b) You have got to pay fines for overdue books. spoken a) The price of meat has been declining alarmingly. b) The price of meat has been going down steeply. a) They approved of the plan for the development of inner city. b) They agreed to the plan for the development of inner city. --I am desirous of exploring your feelings on the lecture. --Your English is too beautiful to be true. desirous of exploring不适宜用于口语。 可选用: -- I’d like to hear your views on the lecture. -- May I have y