词汇学第五章 Word Meaning and Componential Analysis PPT.ppt

Word Meaning and Componential Analysis Chapter 5 5.1 Word Meaning 词义 Word Word-form Word meaning pronunciation spelling what the form stands for 5.1.1 Reference 所指关系 Definition: It is the relationship between language and the world. Part of the word meaning is the reference under discussion. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. (Concept) Symbol Referent (Word, Sentence) (Object) Thought or Reference The semiotic triangle 语义三角形包含以下几点含义：1）概念/思想（concept/thought）和客观事物（referent/thing）之间是直接的联系。概念是在客观事物的基础上概括而成的，是客观事物在头脑中的反映。二者用直线连接，表示a concept refers to a thing，即概念反映客观事物。2）概念与符号/词（symbol/word）之间也有直接联系。概念是通过符号表达出来的，二者用实线连结，表示a word symbolize a concept，即词表示概念。3）符号或词与指称物/事物（referent/thing）之间没有直接的、必然的联系，二者之间具有任意性，是约定俗成的。虚线表示a word stands for a referent，即词代表指称物。符号与指代物之间没有内在的必然联系，真正的联系存在于人的头脑之中。 语义三角是一种关于意义的理论，由英国学者奥格登（Ogden）和理查兹（Richards）在1923年出版的语义学重要著作《意义的意义》（The Meaning of Meaning)中提出，代表了传统语义学的典型观点。语义三角论是一种全新的意义模式，也称意义三角论。该理论是指符号、意义和客观事物之间处于一种相互制约、相互作用的关系之中。它强调语言符号是对事物的指代，指称过程就是符号、意义和事物发生关系的过程。 5.1.2 Concept 概念 concept meaning Meaning belongs to language, so it is restricted to language use; Concept is the result of human cognition. Therefore, a concept can have as many referring expressions as there are languages in the world. Even in the same language, the same concept can be expressed in different words. 5.1.3 Sense 语义 What is sense? The meaning of “meaning” is what is termed sense; Sense denotes the relationship inside the language; Sense is also an abstraction that can be entertained in the mind of a language user. Ever word that has meaning has sense but not every word has reference. 5.2 Motivation 理据 What is Motivation ? Motivation refers to the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. Which words can be said to be motivat