语法讲义(4-6).doc

专题四：代词（二）不定代词 几组常考的不定代词 1..some与any 的区别 ①一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句, He asked me for some paper , but I didn’t have any . ②但在语气委婉疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用some。此类句型常以could, would开头或what about /how about 的句中。 May I have some water ?( 希望得到肯定的回答) 2.many与much的区别 many+可数名词的复数 ；much+不可数名词，都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词 3.a few /few /a little /little 的区别 修饰可数名词: few, a few . 修饰不可数名词: little , a little 表否定(几乎没有): few , little . 表肯定(有一点): a few , a little ①His story is easy to read，there are _____ new words in it . ②Hurry up ! There is _____ time left . ③I have only friends. ④I can speak English , but only . 4.each 与every ★each 强调个体，表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个, 可作同位语。 each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用三单. every 强调整体，表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个. There are trees and flowers on _____ side of the street . ____ student has read a story . Each of us _______(study )hard . They have an English bool . 5. no , no one 与none ①no 为形容词，接名词， 表“没有” ②no one 指人，表示没有人, 不能与of 连用， 谓语常用单数。 ③none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，既指人又可指物，谓语常用三单。. There is room for you . The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest . is listening to the teacher . ④how many /how much 的回答:用none回答. Who 的回答:用no one 回答. ； What 的回答: 用nothing 回答. How many students are there in the classroom ? __________. Who can answer the question ? _______. A. None B. No one C. Nothing 6. neither / either / none / any 的区别 两者之间: either(任一), neither(都不) 三者或三者以上: any(任一) , none(都不) ①either :否定句“也”。 He can’t swim , either .Either of them is at home . either 修饰名词单数。Either student likes playing soccer . There are many trees on either side of the street . There are many trees on each side of the street . There are many trees on both sides of the street . either…or… “要么…要么…”，“或者…或者…”。就近一致。 Either you or he a student . ②neither “也不”作主语看作三单。 Neither of us (be) hungry . Neither…nor…“既不…也不…”，就近一致原则。 Neither Jim nor Lucy (be) at home yesterday . ③第二个人与第一个人情况一致。（肯定句） be动词 So + 助动