语言学教程Chapter 10. Language and Computer.ppt

Chapter ten language and computer(computational linguistics) 10.0 introduction Computer literacy Computational linguistics Its research problems 10.1 computer-assisted language learning (CALL) 10.1.1 CAI /CAL vs. CALL The differences of the first two The differences of the first two and the third The forms taken by CALL: A. B. C. 10.1.2 phases of CALL development Four phases Phase one Phase two Phase three Phase four 10.1.3 technology Programs developed in CALL Or what we can do with CALL (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 10.2 machine translation The definition The two types of it People examine it philosophically, religiously, politically, economically. 10.2.1 history of development It has not made much progress since its birth. The stages it has gone through: The independent work by MT researchers Why the drawbacks of MT in early days? (2) Towards good quality output (3) The development of translation tools 10.2.2 research methods Two research methods: The research from the linguistic theories The research by MT researchers 1. the transfer approach 2. the interlingual approach 3. the knowledge-based approach a b c (1) The linguistic approach The relevant theories for MT theory as a test-bed for linguistic theories were information theory, categorical grammar, transformational-generative grammar, dependency grammar, and stratificational grammar in the 1950s and 1960s; artificial intelligence, lexical-functional grammar, generated phrase structure grammar, head-driven phrase structure grammar, Montague semantics, etc. In the 1970s and 1980s; neural networks, connectionism, parallel processing, and statistical methods and others in the 1990s. (2) Research by MT researchers 1. the transfer approach 2. the interlingual approach 3. the knowledge-based approach a b c With the help of corpus linguistics, recently research has moved into the area of example-based machine translation. 10.2.3 MT quality Faults of MT 1. 2. 10.2.4 MT and the interne