世纪商务英语unit 7.doc

Unit 7 银行与信贷 Background knowledge Online banking Online banking (or Internet banking) is a term used for performing transactions, payments, etc. over the Internet through a bank, credit union or building society’s secure website. This allows customers to do their banking outside of bank hours and from anywhere where Internet access is available. In most cases a web browser is utilized and any normal internet connection is suitable. No special software or hardware is usually needed. 网络银行 网络银行就是将信息技术、互联网与传统银行等三要素融为一体，为客户提供综合、统一、安全、实时金融服务的银行形态。用户只要能上网，就不受地理、时空的限制来管理自己的资产，充分享受银行的各种服务。网络银行发展之所以能够如此迅速，其原因在于： 一、是网络银行可以极大地降低经营服务成本，创造巨大的利润空间。 二、是网络银行业务开展不受时空地域限制，可最大限度地扩大业务规模。 三、是由于网络银行业务运作只需上网“点击”，资金流随物流的速度显著加快，在节省银行和客户的人力资源，减少在途资金损失同时，也对在海外没有分行网络的银行扩展海外业务非常实效，容易取得突破性的发展。 因此，网络银行的出现，必将极大地削弱传统银行拥有众多分支机构和优秀人才的优势，大大地改变传统银行的营销方式、经营理念和经营战略，是未来银行的发展趋势。 但网络银行交易虚拟化、服务个性化、经营混业化、监管国际化的特点决定了网络银行引发风险的因素以及这些风险的影响与传统银行相当不同。 除了传统银行经营过程中存在的信用风险、流动性风险、市场风险和利率风险外，还由于其特殊性而存在着基于信息技术投资导致的系统风险和基于虚拟金融服务品种形成的业务风险。比如通过计算机网络，巨额资金便可以在瞬间将从一方传到另一方，从一国传到另一国，大量资金突发性转移不仅增大银行业务的不稳定性，增加银行的流动性风险；还可能使风险迅速蔓延和扩大，导致一国乃至全球金融市场发生急剧波动。因此由于网络银行的整个交易过程的虚拟化使管理安全性成为最为敏感的问题，对网络银行的监管也面临比传统银行更为严峻的挑战。 Credit Credit is lender’s agreement to advance funds, based on an estimation that the debt will eventually be repaid, or to refrain from collecting a previously existing debt, as in a refinancing. Bank credit is classified by: type of borrower, for example, loans to consumers (mortgages, auto loans, credit cards) as opposed to loans to businesses (commercial lines of credit, working capital loans); type of collateral pledged, if any; and terms of repayment. Some bank loans are repaid according to a fixed schedule, for example, a 30-year mortgage; others such as a Demand Loan to a business that may be called at any time by the lender. The word Credit is used by bank credit analysts and lenders instead of Borrower or Loan. A lender might say, “Ill approve the credit if it’s a four-year loan,” or “I think the credit is good.” R