跨文化交流概念整理.docVIP

Catalogue Chapter 1 2 Chapter 2 5 Chapter 3 6 Chapter 4 8 Chapter 5 9 Chapter 6 11 Chapter 7 13 Chapter 8 16 Chapter 9 16 Chapter 1 Culture ： Anthropological（人类学）：It consists of patterns, explicit（含蓄的） and implicit（明晰的）, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted（传承的） by symbols, constituting（组成） the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts（工艺品）; the essential core（核心） of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached（关联的） values.” Psychological（心理学）：Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another. Sociological（社会学）：Culture is defined as a pattern of learned, group-related perception—including both verbal and nonverbal language attitudes, values, belief system, disbelief systems, and behavior. Culture pervades(遍及) all these areas and artifacts, beliefs, behaviors, ceremonies, concept of self, customs, ideas and thought patterns, ideals, knowledge, laws, language, manners, morals, myths and legends, religion, rituals(仪式), social institutions(社会机构), tools, and values. Culture is the total sum of human society and its meanings. Intercultural（知性）:Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors and artifacts that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning. Summary：We define culture as “the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. Visible Culture: According to The Concise Oxford Dictionary, culture is 搕he arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively? Invisible Culture: The nature of Culture(文化属性): Culture is like an iceberg.(参见) Culture is our software. Culture is like the water a fish swims in：The fish takes the water for gr