人类文明进程-古代世界历史时间划分(国外英语资料).doc

人类文明进程-古代世界历史时间划分 The course of human civilization - time division of ancient world history The ancient history of the world began about two or three million years ago. The human race began on earth and ended on the eve of the British bourgeois revolution in 1640. Meanwhile, it experienced three stages of social development: primitive society, slave society and feudal society. Primitive society It includes two stages: primitive population and clan commune. In ancient times, there were primitive populations living in Asia, Europe and Africa, and the three continents. After a long period of time, the primitive population moved into the matriarchal clan commune. At that time, the five continents were already living. About ten thousand years ago, people began to invent primitive husbandry and agriculture from the practice of labour, and their life was more secure. The matriarchal clan entered a period of prosperity. About six or seven thousand years ago, the inhabitants of West Asia began to use stone tools and bronzes. Later, Egypt, India and China also invented metallurgy. The improvement of productivity promoted the transition from primitive agriculture to plowing agriculture, and men played a major role in production, and the matriarchal clan community moved to the patriarchal clan commune. In the later period of patriarchal clan society, with the increase of productivity, production changed from collective labor into family units, and labor products belonged to all families. The production of the individual, increasing the surplus products and the development of exchange, the gens widening, with blood ties to the clan commune disintegrates gradually formed by regional relations as the foundation of rural commune. As a result of the intensification of the polarization between the rich and the poor, two opposing classes emerged, the slave and the slave owner. At last the primitive society without class and without exploitation broke up. slave society The first world