溶液法测定极性分子的偶极矩(国外英语资料).docVIP

溶液法测定极性分子的偶极矩 Determination of dipole moment of polar molecule by solution method I. objectives and requirements Determination of dipole moment of ethyl acetate by solution method Understand the relationship between dipole moment and molecular electrical properties The experimental technique of measuring dipole moment by solution method The basic principles of I I. Dipole moment and polarizability The molecular structure can be approximated by stone and is made up of electrons. And for the skeleton (nuclei and inner electrons). Because of the different configurations of molecular space, the centers of positive and negative charges may coincide or overlap. The former is called nonpolar molecule, and the latter is called polar molecule. Fig. 1 electric dipole moment indication In 1912, Debye (Debye) proposed the concept of dipole moment Mu to measure the magnitude of molecular polarity, as shown in Figure 1 EMBED Equation.3 (1) In the formula, q is the charge of the positive and negative charge centers, D is the distance between the positive and negative charge centers, and Mu is a vector whose direction is from positive to negative. The order of magnitude of the dipole moment is EMBED, Equation.3, C, m, because the magnitude of the distance between atoms is EMBED, Equation.3, m, and the order of charge is EMBED, Equation.3 and C. Through the determination of dipole moment, we can understand the distribution of molecular cloud and symmetry of molecules in molecular structure, and also can be used to distinguish the geometric isomer and the three-dimensional structure of molecules. Polar molecules have permanent dipole moments, but because of the thermal motion of molecules, the dipole moment has the same chance of pointing in all directions, so the dipole moment is equal to zero. If the polar molecule is placed in a uniform electric field, the dipole moment will tend to the electric field in the direction of the electric field. At this point we call these molecules p