若何幸免高分子资料的老化(国外英语资料).docVIP

如何防止高分子材料的老化 (1) the reason for aging is mainly due to the weakness of structures or components that cause aging easily, such as unsaturated double bonds, branched chains, carbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups at the end, etc.. The external or environmental factors are mainly sunlight, oxygen, ozone, heat, water, mechanical stress, high energy radiation, electricity, industrial gases, sea water, salt fog, fungi, bacteria, insects, etc.. For structural reasons, polyethylene is more susceptible to aging than Teflon because the bond of the C - F bond is larger than the bond of the C - H bond, and it acts as a protective carbon chain. Polypropylene is less resistant to ageing than polyethylene because it has methyl on the carbon chain of the polypropylene and easier to remove hydrogen atoms from the methyl carbon atoms. Because of the carboxyl group on the polyamide chain, the ester bond in polyester fiber is easy to hydrolyze and therefore easy to age. Also, diene rubber contains C=C double bond, which is prone to thermal oxidative aging, photooxidation and ozone aging. Because rubber is often used in stress conditions, ozone cracking is more likely to occur, so ozone aging is the main reason for rubber aging. Chloroprene rubber is more resistant to aging because it contains chlorine atoms that attract electrons. A variety of aging phenomena occurring under certain external conditions due to the structural weakness of polymers, as described previously. None of the above polymers will occur such as radiation aging, especially high-energy radiation, chemical bond fracture occurs, even near ultraviolet radiation can also open enough to the general bond (except C - H, O - H as a strong bond). (2) measures to prevent ageing From the point of view of aging, one of the main reasons is the polymer structure itself. Therefore, it is important to improve the structure of polymers to improve their aging ability. For example, in rubber vulcanization, there are still unsaturated double