动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义.doc

动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义 look ，feel ,smell, sound, taste等系动词在句中做谓语 This coat feels very soft and smooth. Her voice sounds very pleasant.. The dishes taste delicious. 2.有些动词做不及物动词，用来表示主语的内在品性或性质。 如：wash, clean, cook, iron, cut , sell, read, wear, feel , draw, write , sell 等 The book sells well. This knife cuts easily. My new pen writes well. 3.在need , require, want , worth (adj )后的动名词可以主动表被动 The door needs repairing. This book is worth reading. Her mother is ill .She needs looking after. 4.在疑问词what/which/whom+不定式结构中，主动表被动 I don’t know which to choose . He asked me what to do . 5.在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1）have（give, show）sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗? （to do是由you发出的） Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? （谁带不得而知）再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。 Hell show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。2）It（This, That）＋be＋a／an＋adj. ＋ n. ＋to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。再如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。3）There ＋be ＋n. ＋to do 在此句型中, 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式, 也可用被动式, 只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。例如: 没有时间可以耽误。可译成: There is no time to lose（to be lost）. 用 to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost, 谁 lost time不明确。 但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同: a. There is nothing to do now. （＝We have nothing to do now. ）现在没事干。 b. There is nothing to be done. （＝We can do nothing now. ）现在没办法了。 a. There is nothing to see. （nothing worth seeing）没有东西值得看。 b. There is nothing to be seen. （nothing there at all）看不见什么东西。 在某些“形容词＋不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。其句型有: 1）n. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do The question was very difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 The job is very easy to do. 这工作很容易做。 2）n. ＋be＋too＋adj. ＋to do The thing is too small to see. 这东西太小看不见。 I was too excite