基于非均匀采样的频谱分析和弱信号检测 - 数据采集与处理.DOC

基于非均匀采样的频谱分析和弱信号检测 李进超1 邓兆祥1, 2 姜艳军1 杨维军1 (1. 重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室,重庆,400030；2. 汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室,重庆,400039) 摘要：由于采样设备和被采样信号的限制，完全的均匀采样很难实现，实际中很多情况也需要用到非均匀采样，而当采样信号是非均匀时采样定理不再适用。使用基于最小二乘法的非均匀频谱分析法，有效地对非均匀采样信号进行频谱分析，详细讨论了频谱噪声的产生原因和影响因素。由于频谱噪声会淹没一些弱信号的频率成分，使用基于最小二乘法的幅值衰减法，有效地衰减强信号频率成分和频谱噪声，通过仿真实验成功检测出幅值为强信号幅值一亿分之一的弱信号，并对非均匀采样信号的频率成分进行高精度的参数估计。 关键字：非均匀采样；最小二乘法；频谱分析；弱信号检测 中图分类号：TN911.7 文献标识码：A Spectrum Analysis and Weak Signal Detection Based on Nonuniform Sampling Li Jinchao1, Deng Zhaoxiang1, 2, Jiang Yanjun1, Yang Weijun1 (1. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology, Chongqing, 400039, China) Abstract: Because of the limitation of sampling equipments and sampled signal, it is hard to sample uniformly, and nonuniform sampling is widely used actually. When data are not sampled uniformly, the sampling theorem no longer applies. It’s effective to analysis the spectrum of the nonuniformly sampled signals by the means of spectrum analysis based on least square technique. The reason for spectral noise and its influence factors are discussed detailedly. Because some weak signal are inundated with the spectral noise, the method of amplitude damping based on least square technique is used to suppress the strong signal and spectral noise effectively. The weak signal, of which the amplitude is one hundred million times smaller than the strong one, is detected successfully in the simulation experiment, and the parameters of the components of nonuniformly sampled signal can be estimated with high accuracy. Key Words: Nonuniform sampling; Least square technique; Spectrum analysis; Weak signal detection 引 言 Shannon采样定理[1]描述的是均匀采样信号，对于非均匀采样信号定理不再适用[2][3]。实际信号采样中，由于采样设备和被采样信号的限制，完全的均匀采样很难实现，实际中很多情况也需要用到非均匀采样，如天文数据的观测、雷达信号的测量等[4]~[7]。 相对于均匀采样，非均匀采样具有抗频率混叠的特性，不受采样定理的限制[4]。目前国内外针对非均匀采样信号的研究主要集中在非均匀采样信号的波形重建[2][8]、非均匀采样信号的谱分析[4][5]、非均匀采样下弱信号的检测[9]~[11]、均匀采样理论在非均匀采样信号上的应用