美国文学史作者及作品.doc

美国文学史复习1（colonialism)? 第一部分??殖民主义时期的文学?一、时期综述? 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives?日记?b、journals?游记?2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：?1）their?voyage?to?the?new?land? 2)?Adapting?themselves?to?unfamiliar?climates?and?crops?3)?About?dealing?with?Indians? 4)?Guide?to?the?new?land,?endless?bounty,?invitation?to?bold?spirit?3、清教徒的思想：? 1）puritan?want?to?make?up?pure?their?religious?beliefs?and?practices?净化信仰和行为方式? 2)?Wish?to?restore?simplicity?to?church?and?the?authority?of?the?Bible?to?the?theology.?重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位??? 3）look?upon?themselves?as?chosen?people,?and?it?follow?logically?that?anyone?who?challenged?their?way?of?life?is?opposing?Gods?will?and?is?not?to?be?accepted.?认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝? 4）puritan?opposition?to?pleasure?and?the?arts?sometimes?has?been?exaggerated.?反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步? 5）religious?teaching?tended?to?emphasize?the?image?of?a?wrathful?God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。? 4、典型的清教徒：?John?Cotton??Roger?William? 他们的不同： John?Cotton?was?much?more?concerned?with?authority?than?with?democracy;?William?begins?the?history?of?religious?toleration?in?America.? William的宗教观点： Toleration?did?not?stem?from?a?lack?of?religious?convictions.?Instead,?it?sprang?from?the?idea?that?simply?to?be?virtuous?in?conduct?and?devout?in?belief?did?not?give?anyone?the?right?to?force?belief?on?others.?He?also?felt?that?no?political?order?or?church?system?could? identify?itself?directly?with?God.?行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne?Bradstreet? 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the?best?of?Puritan?poets?is?Edward?Tayor.? 学习指南：? 1、Could?you?give?a?description?of?American?Puritans??关于美国清教徒的描绘? ????Like?their?brothers?back?in?England,?were?idealists,?believing?that?the?church?should?be?restored?to?the?purity?of?the?first-century?church?as?established?by?Jesus?Christ?himself.?To?them?religion?was?a?matter?of?primary?importance.?They?made?it?their?chief?business?to?see?that?man?lived?and?thought?and?acted?in?a?way?which?tended?to?the?glory?of?God.?They?accepted?the?doctrine?of?predestination,?o