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NCCGroupWhitepaper
GoingAUTHtheRailsonaCrazyTrain
ADiveintoRailsAuthenticationandAuthorization
November13,2015–Version1.0
Preparedby
TomekRabczak—SeniorSecurityConsultantatNCCGroup
JeffJarmoc—LeadProductSecurityEngineeratSalesforce
Abstract
RubyonRailsisoneofthemostpopularwebapplicationframeworksinusetoday.
Itsespeciallypopularamongstartups,butalsopowerslargesitessuchasGithub,
1
Airbnb,Hulu,Square,Indiegogo,Kickstarter,andBasecamp. PenetrationTesters
andApplicationSecurityEngineersareverylikelytoencounterRailsapplications,so
asolidfamiliaritywithcommonRailsissuesiswarranted.
Inthispaper,weexploreRubyonRailsAuthenticationandAuthorizationpatternsand
pitfalls. AuthenticationandAuthorizationareparticularlyinterestingbecausewhile
mostapplicationswillneedthesefeatures,theRubyonRailsframeworkprovideslittle
nativesupportforthem.OurexperienceasSoftwareSecurityConsultantshasshown
usfirsthandhowthisoftenleadsdeveloperstohastilyimplementpoorlythought
outmechanisms. Weveoftenseensimilarauthenticationandauthorizationimple-
mentationissuestimeandtimeagaininawidevarietyofapplications.Wehopethat
throughthispaper,thereaderwillgainanunderstandingofcommonauthentication
andauthorizationproblemsinRailsapplications,andbebetterpreparedtoexploit
orimprovesuchapplications,astheirrolemaydictate.
Wealsointroduceanewtool, Boilerman,developedbyoneofthispapersauthors
toeasetheprocessofauditingRailsapplicationsforcommonauthorizationflaws.
TableofContents
1 Introduction 3
1.1 TheRailsWay 3
1.2 StructureofaRailsApplication 3
1.2.1 TheRailsFilesystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 AuthenticationandAuthorization 5
3 Authentication 6
3.1 RollYourOwn 6
3.1.1 Writingit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1.2 #TODO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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