英语动词的分类.docxVIP

动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。一）助动词助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall等。具体用法如下：1、助动词be的用法如下：1）构成各种进行时态。如：　　It was raining all day yesterday.　　昨天整天下雨。2）构成被动语态。如：　　The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.　　会议是昨天下午举行的。3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如：　　They are to see an English film this evening.　　他们今天晚上看英语电影。2、助动词do的用法如下：1）构成疑问式或否定式。如：　　Does he think so?　　I didnt say anything about the result.2)在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调，意为的确，确实。如：　　They do study hard.　　She does love him.　　He did want to help the old man.3、have:? 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如：　　He has lived here for three years.　　As soon as the sun had set they returned.4、shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词should 是shall的过去式，构成过去将来时。如：I shall send ten letters to my good friend.　　She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.二）情态动词情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语1、 can, could 1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）Can you skate?（技能）此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。I’ll not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。-----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. ) 3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true? This can’t be done by him. How can this be true?2、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn’t. ---- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you can. (No, you c