主谓一致专项.doc

主谓一致的三个原则 1．语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： The number of mistakes was surprising． A number of mistakes were surprising Jane and Mary look healthy and strong． 2．意义上的一致 1)主语形式为单数而意义是复数，谓语动词用复数。例如： The crowd were running for their lives． 2)主语形式为复数而意义上是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： The news was very exciting． 3．就近一致 1)谓语动词的单、复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。 ①连词or，either…or，not only…but also等连接的并列主语，句 中谓语动词就近一致。 A or B或Either A or B Neither A nor B +谓语动词(与B一致) Not only A but also B Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting． Either one of your students or you are to attend the meeting． Not only you but also Mary likes this game． Neither Jack nor the twins know how to spell the word． 疑问句中与靠近它的主语A一致。例如： Are either you or she to blame?是你还是她该受到责备? Are either you or he going to the movie?是你还是他去看电影? Do either you or he have lunch at school?是你还是他在学校用午 餐? ②在there be结构中，如果出现两个或两个以上的主语时，谓语动 词通常与靠近它的主语保持一致。例如： There is a dictionary and two books on the desk． There are two books and a very old dictionary on the desk 主谓一致原则的具体应用 1．名词作主语 1)当主语后面跟有as well as等引导的介词短语或其他从属结构时，其谓语动词的单、复数根据主语的单、复数而定。 The teacher as well as the students was excited． The students as well as the teacher were excited． Everyone else，in addition to his parents，was excited． 2)某些集体名词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： His family is going to have a long journey． The whole family are watching TV． The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers． The couple are spending their honeymoon． Each couple was asked to complete a form． 常见的集体名词还有：audience，class，club，committee，company，crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，staff，team，youth，etc． 3)某些只当复数看待的集体名词如：people，police，poultry, cattle(牲畜，特指牛)，谓语动词必须用复数。例如： The police are searching for the thief． Domestic cattle provide us with milk and beef． 20 head of cattle 4)